Leveraging Generative AI and CALL to Transform English Language Learning in Pakistan: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Road Ahead
Keywords:
computer-assisted language learning (CALL); english language teaching (ELT); generative AI; Pakistan; educational technologyAbstract
Pakistan's English language education faces persistent challenges including inadequate infrastructure, undertrained teachers, and stark urban-rural disparities. The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) frameworks offers promising avenues to address these gaps. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of deploying GenAI-powered CALL tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and AI tutoring platforms in Pakistani English language classrooms. Drawing on recent empirical studies and theoretical frameworks including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Sociocultural Theory, the paper argues that while GenAI tools enhance learner autonomy, provide personalized feedback, and increase engagement, significant barriers related to digital equity, teacher readiness, and ethical concerns must be addressed. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and a research agenda for sustainable AI-enhanced English language education in Pakistan.
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